sodium-sulfur batteries and electricity storage (comparative)

[izentrop]

Manufactured with abundant materials on earth, compete more and more with STEP to compensate for the intermittency of solar and wind renewable energies.

If Europe uses massive pumping turbines installed especially in the Alpine Massif (Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France), other nations like Japan seem to want to use their control in the technologies of the electrochemical generators to ensure the fine regulation of the powers delivered ...
the Sodium-Sulfur battery, which massively uses only aluminum for the housings and lids of each accumulator, with beta-transporting beta-alumina (to the 300 ° C) of Na + ions as a separator, resembling much to an eggshell, a little less fragile, and to sodium sulphide included in a network of carbon fibers as electrochemically active material. During charging the sodium ions pass through the separator and form molten sodium in the ad hoc chamber, the sulphide ions are oxidized to molten sulfur in its carbon fiber network.

http://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/actu ... entes-844/

EDF launched the study for the realization of two medium-sized marine WWTPs with low waterfalls: one in Guadeloupe (50 meters cliffs) stocking 1 GWh, the other in Réunion (100 meters), following the model of the Japanese WWTP of Okinawa Island. EDF estimates that 5 GW has the potential of marine WWTPs in France. François Lempérière believes that this potential is much higher. This hydraulic expert is concerned that EDF's projects are not large enough to achieve true economic relevance.

The rapid decline in the cost of batteries could also jostle this kind of projects. Batteries, unlike WWTPs, pose no problem of acceptability by the population and can be deployed very quickly.

http://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/actu ... res-34837/

TECHNOLOGY. "Nowhere in Europe is there an equivalent system". Jean-Bernard Lévy, Chairman and CEO of the EDF (Electricité de France) group did not hide his pride yesterday on the site of the sodium-sulfur battery installed since 2010 next to the electrical transformer in Bras-des-Chevrettes (Saint-André ).

Because in the sober concrete hangar is installed a battery with a capacity of 1 MW, which makes it possible to store electricity and to balance the periods of high and low production. "It's like a big inverter", explains Frédéric Cellier, production manager of EDF in Reunion Island. The use of batteries of this kind is essential to develop intermittent energies, in particular wind power and photovoltaics. .. the objective is to achieve energy autonomy for Reunion in 2030, with 100% renewable energies!

http://www.clicanoo.re/?page=archive.co ... cle=509175

probably dated 2012

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061149/document

2012 too I believe:


http://lyceejdarc.org/autodoc/cours/001 ... mique.html

[izentrop]

The last table comes from an ENEA consulting document of March 2012 https://www.enea-consulting.com//wp-con ... ergie1.pdf
Equally interesting: https://www.enea-consulting.com/eswf201 ... sidentiel/

[Christophe]

Interesting information, synthetic as I like, thanks!

a) I do not understand the penultimate diagram which indicates storage in MW ... it should rather be in MWh like the last table ...
Or else these figures should be corrected by the "load factor" (lower in WWTPs than in batteries ... a priori)

On the last board:

b) The 10 000 cycles of lithium-ion batteries seem to me very optimistic ...

c) The prices of stored energy seem very important (70 € / kWh for electricity sold to 0.15 € / kWh by EDF ???): raymon spoke of 3 cents per kWh for STEP?

ps: I corrected your message, links were not active ... it was missing spaces, think about it for your next messages;)

[Christophe]

About storage costs, the ENEA .pdf says about CAES (compressed air storage) technology

"It is therefore possible to build them almost everywhere, at costs varying from 0,5 to 25 € / kWh."

What seems to me more techno-economically realistic than the costs of the table and this contradicts it (in a factor going up to 300 ... it's not nothing so ...)

[raymon]

The price of the energy stored me seem very important (70 € / kWh for electricity sold to 0.15 € / kWh by EDF ???): raymon spoke of 3 cents per kWh for STEP?

Yes there is a confusion 70 euros / kwh is to have a storage 1 kwh, 3cts is the cost of a kWh consumed.

[Christophe]

Ah ok, mea culpa is the cost of the kWh stored investment ... I was confused (lol) by the penultimate column ...
So it would miss a column with the cost per kWh returned for each technology ...

Unless you can estimate it by mixing some of these numbers (investment + capacity + life + average power ...) but it will be necessarily, very rough!

[izentrop]

Thanks for the correction of the links.

Yes the 2 tables, first found on the site of the high school J of Arc du Havre, come from this Pdf https://www.enea-consulting.com//wp-con ... ergie1.pdf , dating from 2012, the numbers must be from previous years.

The first gives the average power that can be delivered globally for each technology.
For the second: "the values ​​presented are indicative"

it would miss a column with the cost per kWh returned for each technology ...

It is sufficient to calculate it in relation to the service life and the cost of maintenance (absent), knowing that for the STEPs, there is practically no possibility available in the short term, it is rather necessary to move towards the other solutions .

The thermal solution asYoung seems one of the simplest at the moment.

[Obamot]

Since the emergence of sodium-ion batteries (90 Wh / kg vs 45 Wh / kg for NiMh) and given their low cost, the performance charts of the batteries, from my point of view, a less important on the choice of the type of battery (in this case the number of cycle slightly less important than the Li-on but we are at the beginning, while the sodium is very abundant while the lithium is exhausted.)

The important thing is that we finally have storage solutions for renewable energies, with materials available at low cost and in "economical quantities". Better still, which will allow affordable energy autonomy (the price of stored kW can only decrease).

This is extremely exciting for the future.
We will have to 1) produce these batteries as quickly as possible, 2) develop the energy infrastructure accordingly. 3) Make coincide with the production of "solar natural gas" (production of solar hydrogen and conversion to methane), the infrastructure of which already exists partially, as well as the distribution network and storage (with known and mastered technologies).

[izentrop]

Sodium-sulfur is already more proven for storage in MW. The sodium-ion is newer and more intended for small batteries, a model R6 format is already marketed.
The circulation battery also has a promising future because no or little self-discharge http://lyceejdarc.org/autodoc/cours/001 ... mique.html

[Obamot]

Yes, that I can tell the difference between capacity and power. But we can now choose to store with different types of batteries / storage solutions, which cover a wide range of needs, without creating an econological dilemma. Whereas before we had to confine ourselves to expensive, polluting and exhausting solutions of rare natural resources which blocked the horizon, which will not be the case tomorrow: that's what I wanted to say.