A small amount of ethanol to boost gasoline engines
Three Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers filed a patent application for a system that would improve the fuel consumption of more than 20% gasoline engines for less than 1000 euros.
Turbochargers capture the energy of the exhaust gases to compress the air supplying the engine, which improves its efficiency. Their use on gasoline engines is limited by the risks of abnormal combustion (detonation) that can damage the engine.
The MIT team came up with the idea of combining the use of a turbocharger with the injection of ethanol into the combustion chamber of the engine when it is in high demand (coast, acceleration, etc.). The injection of ethanol reduces the risk of detonation which allows to obtain high compression rates in engines of smaller size.
The models used by the researchers suggest that a motor so equipped could provide the same power peak, but consuming 20 at 30% less fuel than a motor twice as big. The first practical laboratory tests confirmed the effectiveness of the process. The addition of ethanol would remain low: about 1L ethanol for 20L gasoline. The cost of the device is lower than that of hybrid engines which makes this technology an economically attractive alternative and should facilitate its penetration into the market.
Regarding the use of ethanol as fuel (E85), BP has announced that it will postpone the development of this fuel in its US outlets following the announcement of Underwriters Laboratory (UL), a certification body, the suspension of authorization of their label on the pump components for E85. Indeed, this label is only valid for mixtures including less than 15% ethanol. At higher concentrations, the mixture can become corrosive and requires the development of new standards, which could take between six months and two years of delay.
Source: This information is an excerpt from BE United States 54 number 2 / 11 / 2006 written by the Embassy of France in the United States.
An ethanol injection Turbo
An ethanol injection Turbo
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