Crispus wrote:It seems to me that the engine can only be considered truly "hot" when the thermostat opens and lets the LDR go to the radiator?
The thermostat is already open after 15 km on my car, and we are far from letting go of the hose that goes to the radiator. (downstream of the thermostat). However it is not yet very hot everywhere including the intake manifold.
It's a bit normal, it sucks a lot of fresh air with which it cools and has a large exchange surface. On the other hand it heats mainly at the level of its fixing on the cylinder head or the surface is hot (95 °?) But the contact surface weak.
The ambient air under the hood does not exceed (50 °?) When driving (for 20 ° outside temperature).
A+