Graphite in fuel

Tips, advice and tips to lower your consumption, processes or inventions as unconventional engines: the Stirling engine, for example. Patents improving combustion: water injection plasma treatment, ionization of the fuel or oxidizer.
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abyssin3
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by abyssin3 » 26/09/05, 12:04

The one I currently use (brand holtz) is sold as a spray lubricant, it leaves very little deposit in the GO and not at all in vegetable oil.
I also tried to pass the mixture through a coffee filter and it goes through it without problem, ie the particle size is <5µm, which should pass through the diesel filter as easily.
But it's still difficult to have a large quantity, bubune, could you still have it?
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by wirbelwind262 » 26/09/05, 18:13

Hello !
I have a question that bothers me:
when colloidal graphite particles pass through the cylinder with the fuel, won't combustion residues risk fouling the cylinder and the rest (scale, oil polluted with residue, etc.)?
@ + and good luck!
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by gegyx » 26/09/05, 19:49

wirbelwind262 wrote:Hello !
I have a question that bothers me:

Reread the introductory text well ...
The author does not speak of this. It signals the deposit of the metalloid on all the walls by making them slippery.
What comes out of the exhaust, the author does not speak. The explosion being improved, all of this must disappear in part, at the exit, and for the rest ... we should not worry too much at the time, given that the engines had to spit fat at the time. .
In fact, not many people have tried, because it is difficult to find the equivalent of the product cheaply ...

It seems to me that it is valid only for gasoline?
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by gegyx » 26/09/05, 20:33

Superform wrote:it is especially carcinogenic !!!!

handle with great care!


• Laser printers use toner cartridges.
The basic toner formula is based on a mixture of iron oxide, polymer,
carbon, charge control agent and solvents. At first, these
raw materials are mixed, before being subjected to an extrusion phenomenon which leads to the
transformation, under the effect of heat, of this agglomerate into resin.
The whole is then passed to the mill, to reduce the resin to toner powder. Finally,
this has different particle sizes which are then sorted and associated with other
particles that prevent toner from sticking together.

+ + + + +

Question:
What are the health risks related to toner from printers and photocopiers? The employees of a reprographic company are worried about the mentions appearing on the new label of these products: "Risks of irreversible effects" "Suspected carcinogen, insufficient evidence".
Réponse:
Magneto graphic inks for printers and photocopiers or toners are solid phase inks whose relatively constant formulation is based on polyamide resins, carbon black (3 to 10%) and iron oxides. Other resins (polyacrylic, polypropylene) or other components involved as charge control agents in the electrostatic reproduction process (such as copper, selenium salts, etc.) may also be present. The technical product is in the form of a black powder; 95% of the particles have a diameter greater than 10 µm and are - in principle - not inhalable. In a professional environment, the undesirable effects of toners are limited to cutaneous-mucosal irritant signs (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, cough) related to the mechanical irritation caused by ink particles. Some rare cases of contact eczema by sensitization to the residual monomers of the resins have been described. An isolated publication reports diffuse alopecia with nail dystrophy attributed to selenium in a 31-year-old worker, heavily exposed to toner dust in a photocopier factory in India. An observation of pulmonary granulomatosis with mediastinal lymphadenopathy was published in 1996 in a 39 year old man, employee of an Austrian press agency for 18 months, and episodically brought to change the toner of a photocopier. The responsibility for toner in the genesis of pulmonary involvement is improbable, given the excessively minimal exposure conditions and the chronology of the disorders: due to the duration of the asymptomatic phase in this type of condition, first granulomas probably preceded the start of exposure. Depending on its degree of purity, carbon black is likely to contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, many of which are known to be carcinogens for humans. In fact, several epidemiological studies show an extremely low increase in the risk of bronchopulmonary cancer (RR = 1,15) in printers, in processes involving carbon black inks. To my knowledge, no epidemiological study on cancer mortality of workers in the magnetographic ink sector has been carried out. A French study conducted at Bull and published in 1987 found no mutagenic urine in 20 employees exposed to toner for one to seven years. All in all, the new labeling of toner only complies with European regulations which require that the dangers of substances now be explicitly mentioned on packaging. The real risk in the workplace must be assessed according to the intensity of the exposure, in the light of the dangers - all in all modest - of toner.
F. Testud
+ + + +

Finally, the toner does not have to be that good, although it is available quite easily…

The particles are 10 microns, while it takes 1 micron.
There is only 3 to 10% carbon black in the product…

The carcinogenic side is not very worrying, because the product is in minimal quantity, and much less harmful than the gasoline solvent, in which it is found…
It is toxic by inhalation of the dry product.

Hypothesis (which does not bind anyone):
If the improvement in explosion and consumption is due to this foreign dust, surrounded by gasoline molecules, electrified and distributed in the chamber, in a homogeneous manner, whether it is graphite, iron oxide, copper, selenium or whatever, the effect can be the same; no ?
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by gegyx » 30/09/05, 00:28

After research on the Internet, here is gathered the data found, likely to discover and understand colloidal graphite:

The colloid is viscous when dissolved. It can perfectly stop being when it becomes dry again. A colloid is not necessarily an adhesive.
The colloidal state or colloidal solution is a state of matter, half liquid. It is a dispersion of matter in a liquid (solvent), structured in granules called micelles (nf, aggregate of molecules in colloidal solution) from 0,2 to 0,002 microns.
The term "colloidal" designates a certain number of substances whose major virtue is precisely that they are viscous when they are put into solution. This property makes them usable without risk, whereas the "crystalloid" fillers and pigments, which are chemically inert, have a proven tendency to drop into the liquid media which surround them, leading to pictorial incidents. Colloidal coloring (a term used above all in the field of the fire arts) corresponds to the “colloidal” character of the oxides used. http://www.dotapea.com/colloide.htm
+ + + +
So for us, colloidal means “fine particles”, in a solvent; they will disperse in the liquid and stick to the molecules of the solvent, instead of settling on the bottom.
+ + + +

Colloidal graphite is obtained
by grinding natural graphite; it's a type of carbon to
extra fine particles.
It is a carbon in particles whose sizes, in at least
one dimension, are less than about 1 nm.
(1 nm = 000 micrometer = 1 micron = 1/1 millimeter)
+ + + +
Information, especially for André:
http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/mines/industrie...es-graphite.jsp

Natural graphite plant opens in Terrebonne
Timcal Graphite & Carbone, a subsidiary of Swiss company Timcal Ltée, has opened a natural graphite processing plant in Terrebonne, Quebec. This facility, whose first phase of construction cost $ 12 million out of a total budget of $ 15,6 million, is in addition to the natural graphite extraction and production site that Timcal operates in Lac-des-Îles. Timcal chose Terrebonne to secure direct entry into the North American market, where it already sells most of its production. Timcal Graphite & Carbone has factories and sales offices in Switzerland, Belgium, USA, Japan, Germany and France. It offers a full range of products - synthetic and natural primary graphite, dispersions, cokes, synthetic secondary graphite, carbon black, etc. - which are used in a variety of applications: mobile energy, industrial materials, plastics, lubricants, refractories and metallurgy.
+++++++
Production in Quebec
Timcal Canada Inc. is the only North American producer of crystalline flake graphite. Since 1989, this company has operated a graphite deposit in Lac-des-Îles, south of Mont-Laurier. She runs a processing plant on site that can produce more than 25 tonnes of flake graphite concentrate annually. Most of this production is exported to the United States and Europe for refractory applications.
In addition, Timcal Canada inc. started in 2003, the operation of a new exfoliated graphite processing plant in Terrebonne, near Montreal.
In addition, studies are currently underway to assess the profitability of the Lac Knife deposit in the Fermont region.
+ + + + +
on graphite in Canada, and production worldwide: http: //www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/cmy/contenu/1994/33.pdf
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
Natural graphite is a variety of crystallized carbon, like diamond. It is black or black gray, very tender, shiny, slightly greasy in appearance, infusible, insoluble in acids, odorless and tasteless. Graphite is non-toxic and practically chemically inert. Excellent conductor of electricity and heat, it becomes more resistant to high temperature. It is relatively flexible in the form of flakes and easy to work or machine in massive form. It is difficult to combine with metals, except steel. Generally, graphite comes in three forms:
Microcrystalline (called amorphous graphite);
· Crystalline in glitter;
· Crystalline in veins.
The graphite produced in Quebec is of the crystalline flake graphite type. The ore is extracted from surface mines.
Uses
Natural graphites benefit from a wide variety of applications due to the wide range of their physical and chemical properties. Amorphous graphites, while being by far the main source of natural graphite for the carburetion of steel, are also used in the dusting of foundry molds, which facilitates the release of parts and gives them better surface finish.
As for crystalline flake graphites, they are mainly sought for their resistance to heat: the use in refractory products, such as magnesia-carbon bricks and alumina-graphite products as well as the manufacture of accessories required in melting, casting and molding operations, in particular crucibles. These various applications in the metallurgical industry represent around 50% of graphite consumption worldwide. Other uses include:
· Refractory crucibles;
· Dry lubricants;
· Batteries and electrodes;
· Plastic and rubber;
· Foundry molds;
· Metal powders;
· Brake linings;
· Nuclear reactors;
· Protective paint for metals;
· Electric motors;
·pencils.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Other interesting information:
For drawing in plastic arts:

graphite mine (usually hexagonal) is not covered. It is naked graphite. Thicker than graphite, it can be sculpted with sandpaper (rounded, flat) so as to allow solid tints.
Graphite can be ground to powder with sandpaper or a large pencil sharpener. The application can then be carried out in many ways, a bit like with pastel powder.
Other forms of graphite:
Graphite powder can also be purchased directly in this form, although some stores have discontinued this product.
Let's mention large graphite blocks, shapeless, intended either to be powdered or to be used as is on large surfaces.
Finally, there is colloidal synthetic graphite whose manufacturing process, based on Carborundum ®, was invented by Edward Goodrich Acheson. It is a mixture of oil or water (Oildag ® and Aquadag ®), extremely pure graphite and variable organic substances. It is used in industry as a lubricant, but who knows if it will not find other applications one day?
Solution of graphite: original techniques:
In the footsteps of Acheson, let's explore different methods of dissolution.
Preliminary step: powder graphite if necessary (see above). Fatty graphites (HB to 9B or more) give less blurred and more easily dilutable results.
The powder can be mixed with
1. an essence
The essence of turpentine gives very interesting results!
You just have to mix the powder with a little turpentine so as to obtain a slightly thick ink which you will then dilute as desired, always with petrol. Spread with a brush (other tools such as cloth or sponge may be suitable).
The result is truly amazing.
The outline of the pure "ink" resembles in color and material that of a very soft charcoal. On the other hand, the touch allowed by the application with a brush is comparable to that obtained with usual inks. In addition, it is possible not only to obtain very diluted washes, but also to spread the graphite once dry or to dilute it again!
For this reason, the finished work must really be fixed.
We have not yet tested the mixture of refined petroleum gasoline + graphite , which should however give results largely comparable to those offered by turpentine.
2. water
There is no intimate marriage between water and graphite (as with charcoal).
On the contrary, the surfaces obtained are very heterogeneous.
Dry spreading is possible.
Fixing at the end of work is practically essential.
3.alcohol, oil , other products
... the tests are in progress but do not give anything particularly notable for the moment.
++++++++++++++++++++++++
Gegyx
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ange
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by ange » 19/10/05, 14:36

Hello,
I think I found where the fuel economy of the graphite-gasoline mixture comes from:

Link: http://www.4p8.com/eric.brasseur/carbcomb.html

"
A block of burning coal
The coal block is very hot, heated to red. Atmospheric oxygen attacks the surface of the coal to produce carbon dioxide (CO2). This reaction produces a lot of heat, which keeps the block of coal heated to red:


C - CC - C #
/ \ / \ #
CC - CC #
\ / \ / #
C - CC - C # | C = O>
/ \ / \ # | C = O>
CC - CC #
\ / \ / #
C - CC - C #


Burning a block of coal



As the carbon dioxide formed envelops the carbon block, it tends to prevent oxygen from the air from reaching the carbon block. There is therefore relatively little oxygen which is burned in a given time, and the combustion lasts a long time. To be convinced that it can last a long time, it is enough to know that to burn a kilo of coal, you need ten cubic meters of air! To make the charcoal burn faster and stronger, just blow air on it; thus we will evacuate as and when the carbon dioxide which enveloped the coal. Instead of being heated red, the coal will be heated white. (You can also blow pure oxygen on the coal, instead of air, which contains 4/5 of inert nitrogen.)

If the gases produced by combustion are allowed to escape and cool, allowing very little oxygen to arrive near the coal, we will have an incomplete chemical reaction: we will produce carbon monoxide, CO, very toxic. To be sure of avoiding the formation of carbon monoxide, it is necessary that the gas produced by the combustion is at a given moment in the situation where at the same time it is still very hot and in the presence of oxygen not yet burned. In other words: once the CO-containing gas has cooled, the CO will no longer turn into CO2, even in the presence of oxygen. (Actually he does it anyway, but very slowly.)

Note that there is a way to burn coal as quickly as gas: just reduce it to a very fine powder, and disperse this powder, like dust, in the air, then set fires (cause of serious industrial accidents). Or, it is enough to mix this coal dust with liquid oxygen, and to set fire to this mixture (variant of an explosive used in mines). :D

Assuming that graphite mixed with gasoline lengthens the duration and improves combustion ???
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by Other » 19/10/05, 16:53

Hello,
Thank gegeyx
Terrebonne, it's not very far from home, an hour away, I knew there was a big consumption of graphite in a factory in our city, the metallic powders of quebec they make steel powder, ally copper zinc graphite ect .. to make pressed parts without self-lubricating design. the other consumption is to make electrode of an arc furnace for steelworks, in quebec the main production of steel is made in electric arc furnaces, this is the reason that the companies are installed here, not because they need megwatts available and the river to transport the ore.
the other consumption is to make refractory bricks.
But coloidal graphite, I need to find out about this company.
the one that we mix in steel powders, seems big to me, to stay suspended in the fuel. (I worked 3 years in this company for the start-up)
Andre
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by gegyx » 25/10/05, 23:47

Following the previous article, I summarize:

The colloidal graphite is obtained
by grinding natural graphite
It is a carbon in particles whose sizes, in at least
one dimension, are less than about 1 nm.
(1 nm = 000 micrometer = 1 micron = 1/1 millimeter)

Le natural graphite comes in three forms:
Micro crystalline (called amorphous graphite);
· Crystalline in glitter;
· Crystalline in veins.
The graphite produced in Quebec is of the crystalline flake graphite type.

Dissolution of graphite:
The powder can be mixed with an essence
The essence of turpentine gives very interesting results!
You just have to mix the powder with a little turpentine so as to obtain a slightly thick ink which you will then dilute as desired, always with petrol.
We have not yet tested the blend of refined petroleum + graphite, which should, however, give results that are largely comparable to those offered by turpentine.

Read the very complete link carefully:
http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/cmy/contenu/1994/33.pdf
on graphite in Canada, and production around the world and find a supply idea there.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
With natural graphite on hand, chosen for its carbon purity, it suffices to grind it finely in a mortar, to obtain the necessary fineness of 14 micron; to make a soup in a little gasoline, which one will add to the fuel.
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by khartoum » 30/10/05, 22:52

I don't want to advertise but I found that on another forum
it treats 400 l of fuel for around 12 euros:

Marly C.jpg

Marly C.jpg (5.4 KB)



LPG lubricant and other 4-stroke engines

MARLY C is a super lubricant intended for graphitation and anti-scale treatment of gasoline, diesel and LPG.
It is particularly recommended for the latter type of fuel.
MARLY C can also be used in classic vehicles intended to run on leaded petrol.


PROPERTIES:

MARLY C lubricates and cleans the tops of cylinders, not lubricated by the conventional oil circuit, such as:
Cylinder walls.
Pistons - segments.
Valves - valve seats.
Injection pump - carburetor.

The colloidal graphite contained in MARLY C forms a protective film on the valves, guides and seats.

This results in a marked reduction in the wear of the moving parts. In addition, thanks to the descaling product contained in MARLY C, the combustion chambers remain clean.

Due to the perfect thermal stability of graphite (+ 2000 ° C) the MARLY C resists the high temperatures prevailing in the engine.

MARLY C is recommended for all 4-stroke engines: petrol, carburetor and injection, turbo-petrol (with or without catalyst) diesel, turbo diesel, LPG.

For engines fitted with LPG, use the TOP OILER (documentation on request).


CHARACTERISTICS :

Density at 15 ° C: 0,865
Flash point: 165 ° C
Viscosity: 10 cSt at 50 ° C
Particle size: <0,3 micron


INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE AND PACKAGING:

1L can.
1 graduation or 50 ml per 20L of fuel for all types of engines.
Running in or first application: double the dose.


PRICE:

1L can: € 11,95 incl.
Shipping not included.
Professionals: contact us.
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